Perundungan Dalam Perspektif Bourdieu: Studi Tentang Pengalaman Mahasiswa Indonesia Menghadapi Perundungan Di Masa Kecil
Abstract
Penelitian kualitatif ini menyelidiki bagaimana konstruksi teori reproduksi sosial Bourdieu (cultural capital, social capital, habitus, dan field) menganalisis pengalaman pribadi korban, pelaku, korban-pelaku, dan saksi mata kasus perundungan di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap responden yang merupakan mahasiswa di beberapa perguruan tinggi di Aceh, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perundungan yang dialami oleh responden sangat erat kaitannya dengan aspek cultural capital, social capital, habitus, dan field, baik secara positif maupun negatif. Responden yang memiliki aspek reproduksi sosial yang tinggi cenderung lebih rendah atau bahkan terhindar dari perundungan, dan sebaliknya. Peneliti turut menggaris-bawahi bahwa aspek-aspek dari teori reproduksi sosial sendiri terikat dengan konteks dan situasi, dan tidak bijak dilihat secara hitam dan putih. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada kajian tentang hubungan perundungan dan konstruksi teori reproduksi sosial, khususnya dalam konteks Indonesia atau Asia Tenggara. Untuk penelitian lanjutan, peneliti merekomendasikan analisis teori reproduksi sosial dilakukan pada pimpinan, guru, serta staf di institusi pendidikan.
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References
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Kim, Y. S., Koh, Y.-J., & Leventhal, B. (2005). School bullying and suicidal risk in Korean middle school students. Pediatrics, 115(2), 357–363.
Leavy, P. (2017). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and community-based participatory research approaches. New York, London: Guilford Publications.
Morgan, H. (2012). What Teachers and Schools Can Do to Control the Growing Problem of School Bullying. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 85(5), 174–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2012.677075
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Rachman, A. (2016). Peranan Konselor Sekolah dalam Meminimalisir Perilaku Bullying di Sekolah. Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Ar-Rahman, 2(2), 24–28. Retrieved from https://ojs.uniska-bjm.ac.id/index.php/BKA/article/view/1041
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Rahmawati, S. W. (2016). Peran iklim sekolah terhadap perundungan. Jurnal Psikologi, 43(2), 167–180. Retrieved from https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jpsi/article/view/12480
Reavis, T. B. (2018). Illuminating systemic inequality in education: Using Bourdieu in critical qualitative data analysis. In R. Winkle-Wagner, J. Lee-Johnson, & A. N. Gaskew (Eds.), Critical Theory and Qualitative Data Analysis in Education (pp. 81–91). New York, NY: Routledge.
Reay, D. (1998). Engendering social reproduction: Mothers in the educational marketplace. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 19(2), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569980190203
Ribbany, E. T. (2016). Bullying pada pola interaksi anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) di sekolah inklusif. Jurnal Paradigma, 4(3). Retrieved from https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/paradigma/article/view/16755
Rigby, K. (2014). How teachers address cases of bullying in schools: a comparison of five reactive approaches. Educational Psychology in Practice, 30(4), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/02667363.2014.949629
Rigby, K., & Bortolozzo, G. (2013). How schoolchildren’s acceptance of self and others relate to their attitudes to victims of bullying. Social Psychology of Education, 16(2), 181–197.
Rigby, K., & Slee, P. (2008). Interventions to reduce bullying. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 20(2), 165–184.
Rodkin, P. C., Farmer, T. W., Pearl, R., & Acker, R. Van. (2006). They’re cool: Social status and peer group supports for aggressive boys and girls. Social Development, 15(2), 175–204.
Rose, C. A., Swearer, S. M., & Espelage, D. L. (2012). Bullying and students with disabilities: The untold narrative. Focus on Exceptional Children, 45(2), 1–10.
Saldaña, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative research. New York: OUP USA.
Saldaña, J. (2014). Coding and analysis strategies. In P. Leavy (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of qualitative research (pp. 581–605). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 32(3), 261–275.
Seals, D., & Young, J. (2003). Bullying and victimization: prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence, 38(152).
Simbolon, M. (2012). Perilaku bullying pada mahasiswa berasrama. Jurnal Psikologi, 39(2), 233–243. Retrieved from https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jpsi/article/view/6989
Stake, R. E. (2010). Qualitative research: Studying how things work. Guilford Press.
Strøm, I. F., Thoresen, S., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Dyb, G. (2013). Violence, bullying and academic achievement: A study of 15-year-old adolescents and their school environment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(4), 243–251.
Swearer, S. M., & Hymel, S. (2015). Understanding the psychology of bullying: Moving toward a social-ecological diathesis–stress model. American Psychologist, 70(4), 344.
Swearer, S. M., Martin, M., Brackett, M., & Palacios, R. A. (2017). Bullying Intervention in Adolescence: The Intersection of Legislation, Policies, and Behavioral Change. Adolescent Research Review, 2(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-016-0037-9
Van Maanen, J. (2011). Tales of the field: On writing ethnography (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wang, C., Berry, B., & Swearer, S. M. (2013). The Critical Role of School Climate in Effective Bullying Prevention. Theory Into Practice, 52(4), 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2013.829735
Wang, C., Swearer, S. M., Lembeck, P., Collins, A., & Berry, B. (2015). Teachers Matter: An Examination of Student-Teacher Relationships, Attitudes Toward Bullying, and Bullying Behavior. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 31(3), 219–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377903.2015.1056923
Wulandari, A. W. (2017). Karakteristik Pelaku dan Korban Bullying di SMA Negeri 11 Surabaya. Jurnal BK UNESA, 7(2). Retrieved from https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-bk-unesa/article/view/18977
Aschaffenburg, K., & Maas, I. (1997). Cultural and educational careers: The dynamics of social reproduction. American Sociological Review, 62(4), 573–587. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657427
Azaola, M. C. (2012). Revisiting Bourdieu: alternative educational systems in the light of the theory of social and cultural reproduction. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 22(2), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2012.700187
Brinkmann, S. (2014). Unstructured and semi-structured. In P. Leavy (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of qualitative research (pp. 277–299). New York: Oxford University Press, USA.
Christodoulou, M. (2014). Ambitious and ambivalent: a biographical approach to adolescents’ transition into higher education. Academia, 4(1), 121–153.
Dewi, N., Hasan, H., & Mahmud, A. R. (2016). Perilaku Bullying Yang Terjadi Di SD Negeri Unggul Lampeuneurut Aceh Besar. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 1, 37–45. Retrieved from http://www.jim.unsyiah.ac.id/pgsd/article/view/1802
Febriyani, Y. A., & Indrawati, E. S. (2017). Konformitas teman sebaya dan perilaku bullying pada siswa kelas xi ips. Empati, 5(1), 138–143. Retrieved from https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/empati/article/view/15080
Gilgun, J. F. (2014). Writing up qualitative research. In The Oxford handbook of qualitative research.
Green, R., Collingwood, A., & Ross, A. (2010). Characteristics of bullying victims in schools. Department for Education London.
Hatta, M. (2018). Tindakan Perundungan (Bullying) dalam Dunia Pendidikan Ditinjau Berdasarkan Hukum Pidana Islam. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 41(2). Retrieved from http://www.jurnalmiqotojs.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/jurnalmiqot/article/view/488/0
Hong, J. S., Espelage, D. L., & Rose, C. A. (2019). Bullying, Peer Victimization, and Child and Adolescent Health: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(9), 2329–2334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01502-9
Huber, L. (1990). Disciplinary cultures and social reproduction. European Journal of Education, 241–261.
Kim, Y. S., Koh, Y.-J., & Leventhal, B. (2005). School bullying and suicidal risk in Korean middle school students. Pediatrics, 115(2), 357–363.
Leavy, P. (2017). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and community-based participatory research approaches. New York, London: Guilford Publications.
Morgan, H. (2012). What Teachers and Schools Can Do to Control the Growing Problem of School Bullying. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 85(5), 174–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2012.677075
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(16), 2094–2100. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.16.2094
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Rachman, A. (2016). Peranan Konselor Sekolah dalam Meminimalisir Perilaku Bullying di Sekolah. Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Ar-Rahman, 2(2), 24–28. Retrieved from https://ojs.uniska-bjm.ac.id/index.php/BKA/article/view/1041
Rahman, N. A. B. A., & Choi, L. J. (2017). Primary School Teacher’s Self-Efficacy in Handling School Bullying: A Case Study. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 2(4). Retrieved from https://www.neliti.com/publications/239210/primary-school-teachers-self-efficacy-in-handling-school-bullying-a-case-study
Rahmawati, S. W. (2016). Peran iklim sekolah terhadap perundungan. Jurnal Psikologi, 43(2), 167–180. Retrieved from https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jpsi/article/view/12480
Reavis, T. B. (2018). Illuminating systemic inequality in education: Using Bourdieu in critical qualitative data analysis. In R. Winkle-Wagner, J. Lee-Johnson, & A. N. Gaskew (Eds.), Critical Theory and Qualitative Data Analysis in Education (pp. 81–91). New York, NY: Routledge.
Reay, D. (1998). Engendering social reproduction: Mothers in the educational marketplace. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 19(2), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569980190203
Ribbany, E. T. (2016). Bullying pada pola interaksi anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) di sekolah inklusif. Jurnal Paradigma, 4(3). Retrieved from https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/paradigma/article/view/16755
Rigby, K. (2014). How teachers address cases of bullying in schools: a comparison of five reactive approaches. Educational Psychology in Practice, 30(4), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/02667363.2014.949629
Rigby, K., & Bortolozzo, G. (2013). How schoolchildren’s acceptance of self and others relate to their attitudes to victims of bullying. Social Psychology of Education, 16(2), 181–197.
Rigby, K., & Slee, P. (2008). Interventions to reduce bullying. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 20(2), 165–184.
Rodkin, P. C., Farmer, T. W., Pearl, R., & Acker, R. Van. (2006). They’re cool: Social status and peer group supports for aggressive boys and girls. Social Development, 15(2), 175–204.
Rose, C. A., Swearer, S. M., & Espelage, D. L. (2012). Bullying and students with disabilities: The untold narrative. Focus on Exceptional Children, 45(2), 1–10.
Saldaña, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative research. New York: OUP USA.
Saldaña, J. (2014). Coding and analysis strategies. In P. Leavy (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of qualitative research (pp. 581–605). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 32(3), 261–275.
Seals, D., & Young, J. (2003). Bullying and victimization: prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression. Adolescence, 38(152).
Simbolon, M. (2012). Perilaku bullying pada mahasiswa berasrama. Jurnal Psikologi, 39(2), 233–243. Retrieved from https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jpsi/article/view/6989
Stake, R. E. (2010). Qualitative research: Studying how things work. Guilford Press.
Strøm, I. F., Thoresen, S., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Dyb, G. (2013). Violence, bullying and academic achievement: A study of 15-year-old adolescents and their school environment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(4), 243–251.
Swearer, S. M., & Hymel, S. (2015). Understanding the psychology of bullying: Moving toward a social-ecological diathesis–stress model. American Psychologist, 70(4), 344.
Swearer, S. M., Martin, M., Brackett, M., & Palacios, R. A. (2017). Bullying Intervention in Adolescence: The Intersection of Legislation, Policies, and Behavioral Change. Adolescent Research Review, 2(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-016-0037-9
Van Maanen, J. (2011). Tales of the field: On writing ethnography (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wang, C., Berry, B., & Swearer, S. M. (2013). The Critical Role of School Climate in Effective Bullying Prevention. Theory Into Practice, 52(4), 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2013.829735
Wang, C., Swearer, S. M., Lembeck, P., Collins, A., & Berry, B. (2015). Teachers Matter: An Examination of Student-Teacher Relationships, Attitudes Toward Bullying, and Bullying Behavior. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 31(3), 219–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377903.2015.1056923
Wulandari, A. W. (2017). Karakteristik Pelaku dan Korban Bullying di SMA Negeri 11 Surabaya. Jurnal BK UNESA, 7(2). Retrieved from https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-bk-unesa/article/view/18977
Published
2021-12-30
How to Cite
HAEKAL, Muhammad.
Perundungan Dalam Perspektif Bourdieu: Studi Tentang Pengalaman Mahasiswa Indonesia Menghadapi Perundungan Di Masa Kecil.
JAS-PT (Jurnal Analisis Sistem Pendidikan Tinggi Indonesia), [S.l.], v. 5, n. 2, p. 155 - 166, dec. 2021.
ISSN 2620-5718.
Available at: <https://www.journal.fdi.or.id/index.php/jaspt/article/view/535>. Date accessed: 27 mar. 2023.
doi: https://doi.org/10.36339/jaspt.v5i2.535.
Section
Articles
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